EN: Budget for the people who make the research function: professors, lecturers/lectoren, postdocs, PhD or PD candidates, docent-onderzoekers, data stewards, technicians, project staff, and research support roles. It also includes career development, supervision capacity, and the time released from teaching or operational duties to do research. This is the main structural cost driver because research quality, continuity, and output depend first on having sufficient protected research time and the right mix of senior, junior, and support capacity. In Dutch higher education, research operates through people-intensive knowledge work embedded in education and society. This item is especially strategic because both WO and HBO settings depend on maintaining enough qualified capacity despite project-based funding pressure and competing teaching demands. NL: